雖然標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的骨關(guān)節(jié)炎（OA）治療如  非甾體類抗炎藥（NSAIDs）和物理治療有助于緩解疼痛和僵硬，但是患者可以采取開(kāi)箱即用的措施來(lái)進(jìn)一步緩解癥狀。我們回顧了3種具有一定科學(xué)證據(jù)的獨(dú)特OA治療方法。

1.喝牛奶

根據(jù)2014年關(guān)節(jié)炎護(hù)理與研究的一項(xiàng)研究，不僅牛奶是營(yíng)養(yǎng)的良好來(lái)源，它還可能減緩膝OA的進(jìn)展  。1

研究人員收集了2148名膝關(guān)節(jié)OA患者的飲食和健康數(shù)據(jù)，并進(jìn)行了4年的年度X光檢查以測(cè)量股骨內(nèi)側(cè)和脛骨之間的寬度。他們發(fā)現(xiàn)，增加牛奶消費(fèi)與女性膝關(guān)節(jié)OA進(jìn)展緩慢相關(guān)。在男性中，只有那些攝入最多牛奶（每周≥7杯）的人才會(huì)降低OA進(jìn)展的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。

研究人員指出，由于該研究的觀察性質(zhì) - 他們沒(méi)有隨機(jī)分配牛奶攝入量 - 他們無(wú)法證明因果關(guān)系。然而，他們注意到控制與飲食和OA相關(guān)的大多數(shù)已知風(fēng)險(xiǎn)因素。

2.薰衣草精油

2016 年臨床實(shí)踐補(bǔ)充療法研究  表明，薰衣草精油的芳香療法按摩可以減輕膝OA患者的疼痛。2

在一項(xiàng)單盲研究中，90名膝關(guān)節(jié)OA患者被隨機(jī)分配到3組：干預(yù)組接受薰衣草精油的芳香療法按摩，安慰劑組接受杏仁油按摩，對(duì)照組接受杏仁油按摩接受按摩。參與者在基線，干預(yù)后立即以及干預(yù)后1周和4周進(jìn)行評(píng)估。薰衣草組在干預(yù)后立即顯示出最大的改善，其次是杏仁油組。只有薰衣草組在1周內(nèi)顯示出顯著的改善; 然而，干預(yù)后4周沒(méi)有持續(xù)效果。

太極拳

太極拳是一種優(yōu)雅的運(yùn)動(dòng)形式，可以  減輕纖維肌痛的疼痛。研究人員認(rèn)為它可能在OA中具有類似的效果。

在2013年PLOS One的薈萃分析中  ，研究人員回顧了348例OA患者的7項(xiàng)隨機(jī)臨床試驗(yàn)。他們發(fā)現(xiàn)太極拳有助于改善關(guān)節(jié)炎和身體機(jī)能的癥狀。然而，他們警告說(shuō)，需要進(jìn)行更大規(guī)模的隨機(jī)對(duì)照試驗(yàn)來(lái)研究其長(zhǎng)期影響。3

三年后，研究人員調(diào)查了太極拳與膝關(guān)節(jié)OA物理療法相比的療效。該研究發(fā)表在  Annals of Internal Medicine上，隨訪了204例年齡≥40歲的OA患者。參與者被隨機(jī)分配到太極訓(xùn)練和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)物理治療課程。研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)兩組的身體功能都有類似的改善。然而，太極拳組的生活質(zhì)量有所改善，抑郁癥癥狀減輕。4

參考

1. Lu B，Driban JB，Duryea J，et al。 牛奶消耗和內(nèi)側(cè)脛骨股骨膝關(guān)節(jié)骨性關(guān)節(jié)炎的進(jìn)展：來(lái)自骨關(guān)節(jié)炎倡議的數(shù)據(jù)。 關(guān)節(jié)炎護(hù)理Res。2014; 66（6）：802-809。

2. Nasiri A，Mahmodi MA，Nobakht Z.  薰衣草精油芳香療法按摩對(duì)膝關(guān)節(jié)骨性關(guān)節(jié)炎患者疼痛的影響：一項(xiàng)隨機(jī)對(duì)照臨床試驗(yàn)。 補(bǔ)充Ther Clin Pract。2016; 25：75-80。

3. Yan JH，Gu WJ，Zhang WX，Li BW，Pan L.  太極拳對(duì)骨關(guān)節(jié)炎患者疼痛，僵硬和功能的療效：薈萃分析。 PLoS One。2013; 8（4）：e61672。

4. Wang C，Schmid CH，Iversen MD，et al。 太極拳與膝關(guān)節(jié)骨性關(guān)節(jié)炎物理治療的比較效果：一項(xiàng)隨機(jī)試驗(yàn)。 Ann Intern Med。2016; 165（2）：77-86。

翻譯源于網(wǎng)站翻譯，英文原稿:

3 Unique Arthritis Treatments That May Help Relieve Pain

Tom Greenhalgh

While standard osteoarthritis (OA) treatments such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and physical therapy are instrumental in easing pain and stiffness, there are out-of-the-box measures your patients can take to further alleviate their symptoms. We review 3 unique OA treatments that have some scientific evidence.

1. Drinking Milk

Not only is milk a good source of nutrients, it might slow the progression of knee OA, according to a 2014 study in Arthritis Care & Research.1

Researchers collected diet and health data on 2148 women and men with knee OA and performed annual radiographs for 4 years to measure the width between the medial femur and tibia. They found that increased consumption of milk was correlated with slower progression of knee OA in women. In men, only those who consumed the most milk (≥7 glasses per week) saw a reduced risk of OA progression.

The researchers noted that, due to the observational nature of the study – they did not randomly assign milk intake groups – they couldn’t prove causation. However, they noted controlling for most known risk factors associated with diet and OA.

2. Lavender Essential Oils

A 2016 study in Complementary Therapies in Clinical Practice showed that aromatherapy massage with lavender essential oils may relieve pain in patients with knee OA.2

In a single-blind study, 90 patients with knee OA were randomly assigned to 3 groups: an intervention group that received an aromatherapy massage with lavender essential oil, a placebo group that received a massage with almond oil, and a control group that did not receive a massage. Participants were evaluated at baseline, immediately following intervention, and 1 and 4 weeks after intervention. The lavender group showed the greatest improvement immediately after intervention, followed by the almond oil group. Only the lavender group showed significant improvement by 1 week; however, the effects were not sustained 4 weeks after intervention.

3. Tai Chi

A graceful form of exercise, tai chi has been shown to reduce pain in fibromyalgia. Researchers believe it may have similar effects in OA.

In a 2013 meta-analysis in PLOS One, researchers reviewed 7 randomized clinical trials of 348 patients with OA. They found tai chi to be beneficial in improving symptoms of arthritis and physical function. However, they cautioned that larger scale, randomized controlled trials are necessary to investigate its long-term effects.3

Three years later, researchers investigated the efficacy of tai chi compared with physical therapy for knee OA. The study, published in the Annals of Internal Medicine, followed 204 patients aged ≥40 years with OA. Participants were randomly assigned to tai chi training and standard physical therapy sessions. The investigators found similar improvement in physical functioning in both groups. However, the tai chi group showed greater improvement in quality of life and reduced symptoms of depression.4

References

1. Lu B, Driban JB, Duryea J, et al. Milk consumption and progression of medial tibiofemoral knee osteoarthritis: data from the osteoarthritis initiative. Arthritis Care Res. 2014;66(6):802-809.

2. Nasiri A, Mahmodi MA, Nobakht Z. Effect of aromatherapy massage with lavender essential oil on pain in patients with osteoarthritis of the knee: a randomized controlled clinical trial. Complement Ther Clin Pract. 2016;25:75-80.

3. Yan JH, Gu WJ, Zhang WX, Li BW, Pan L. Efficacy of tai chi on pain, stiffness and function in patients with osteoarthritis: a meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2013;8(4):e61672.

4. Wang C, Schmid CH, Iversen MD, et al. Comparative effectiveness of tai chi versus physical therapy for knee osteoarthritis: a randomized trial. Ann Intern Med. 2016;165(2):77-86.